Prep the chicken: Pat the drumsticks dry with paper towels. Dry skin equals better browning.
Place them on a sheet pan or large bowl.
Season well: Drizzle with olive oil. In a small bowl, mix brown sugar, smoked paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, chili powder, salt, and pepper. Sprinkle evenly over the chicken and rub it in to coat all sides.
Choose your cooking method: Preheat your grill to medium (about 375–400°F), your oven to 425°F, or your air fryer to 380°F.
Grill method: Oil the grates.
Arrange drumsticks over direct heat, cover, and cook 18–22 minutes, turning every 5 minutes to prevent burning. Move to indirect heat if they brown too fast. Aim for an internal temperature of 165–175°F.
Oven method: Line a sheet pan with foil and place a wire rack on top if you have one.
Arrange the drumsticks in a single layer. Bake 30–35 minutes, flipping halfway.
Air fryer method: Place drumsticks in a single layer with space between each piece. Cook 20–24 minutes, flipping halfway.
Make the finishing glaze: Warm the BBQ sauce in a small saucepan with the apple cider vinegar or lemon juice.
This thins the sauce slightly and adds brightness.
Sauce and set: Brush the drumsticks with the warm sauce during the last 5–8 minutes of cooking. On the grill, finish over indirect heat to avoid burning. In the oven or air fryer, return sauced drumsticks to finish cooking so the glaze gets sticky.
Rest and serve: Let the drumsticks rest for 5 minutes.
Brush with a final light coat of sauce, garnish if you like, and serve hot.