Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C).
Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with butter or oil.
Brown the sausage: Heat a large skillet over medium. Add the sausage, breaking it into small crumbles. Cook until browned and no longer pink, about 6–8 minutes.
Drain excess grease if needed.
Sauté optional veggies: In the same skillet, add a bit of butter or oil. Sauté onion and bell pepper for 3–4 minutes until softened. Stir in spinach for 30–60 seconds until wilted.
Season lightly with salt and pepper.
Layer the base: Spread the sausage evenly in the baking dish. Scatter the sautéed veggies over the top if using. Sprinkle half of the shredded cheese over this layer.
Make the egg mixture: In a large bowl, whisk eggs, heavy cream, garlic powder, smoked paprika, 1/2 teaspoon salt, and a few grinds of pepper.
If using cream cheese, soften it slightly and whisk or blend it into the egg mixture until mostly smooth.
Assemble: Pour the egg mixture evenly over the sausage layer. Top with the remaining shredded cheese.
Bake: Place in the oven and bake for 30–35 minutes, or until the center is set and the top is lightly golden. A knife inserted near the center should come out mostly clean.
Rest and serve: Let the casserole rest for 10 minutes before slicing.
Garnish with chopped chives or parsley if you like.