Prep the pan: Line the bottom of a 9-inch springform pan with parchment paper for easy release.
Lightly grease the sides if you like.
Make the crust: In a bowl, combine graham crumbs, melted butter, sugar, and a pinch of salt. Stir until the mixture resembles damp sand and holds together when pressed.
Press and chill: Pour the crust mixture into the pan and press it firmly into an even layer using the bottom of a flat glass. Push some crumbs slightly up the sides.
Chill while you make the filling.
Beat the cream cheese: In a large bowl, beat softened cream cheese until very smooth, about 2–3 minutes. Scrape the bowl a couple of times to avoid lumps.
Add flavor and sweetness: Beat in powdered sugar, sour cream, vanilla, and lemon juice until creamy and well combined.
Whip the cream: In a separate cold bowl, whip the heavy cream to stiff peaks. Don’t overbeat—you want it firm and fluffy, not grainy.
Fold it in: Gently fold the whipped cream into the cream cheese mixture in two additions.
Use a light hand to keep the mixture airy.
Layer the cheesecake: Spoon half the cheesecake filling over the crust and spread it evenly. Drizzle about half of the caramel over the top.
Swirl: Use a butter knife or skewer to gently swirl the caramel through the filling. Aim for broad, lazy curves—don’t overmix or you’ll lose the pattern.
Repeat: Add the remaining cheesecake filling and smooth the top.
Drizzle the remaining caramel in thin ribbons, then swirl again. Sprinkle with flaky sea salt if using.
Chill to set: Cover and refrigerate for at least 6 hours, preferably overnight, until firm enough to slice cleanly.
Release and serve: Run a warm knife around the edge of the pan, then release the springform. Slice with a hot, dry knife, wiping the blade between cuts for neat slices.