Heat the oven: Preheat to 425°F (220°C). This high heat gives vegetables those caramelized edges.
Prep the vegetables: Cut the bell pepper into strips, slice the zucchini and yellow squash into half-moons, slice the red onion, cut broccoli into small florets, and leave cherry tomatoes whole.
Toss with oil and season: On a large sheet pan, toss vegetables with 2–3 tablespoons olive oil, 1 teaspoon salt, and a few grinds of pepper. Spread in a single layer.
If your pan is crowded, use two sheets so they roast instead of steam.
Roast until tender and golden: Bake 18–22 minutes, tossing once halfway. The edges should brown slightly, and tomatoes should slump and burst.
Cook the pasta: While the vegetables roast, boil pasta in well-salted water until al dente. Reserve 1/2 cup of pasta water before draining.
Warm the pesto: Add pesto to a large bowl.
Stir in a squeeze of lemon juice and a tablespoon of olive oil. This makes it silky and bright.
Toss it all together: Add hot pasta to the bowl with pesto and toss to coat. Splash in 2–4 tablespoons of reserved pasta water as needed to loosen the sauce and help it cling.
Add the vegetables: Fold in the roasted vegetables.
Taste and adjust with salt, pepper, and more lemon if needed.
Finish and serve: Top with grated Parmesan. For heat and freshness, add red pepper flakes and lemon zest. Serve warm.
Optional extras: Toss in a handful of baby spinach or arugula to wilt slightly, or add cooked protein like grilled chicken or chickpeas for a heartier meal.