Warm the pot: Heat the olive oil in a large pot or Dutch oven over medium heat.
Sauté the base: Add onion and bell pepper.
Cook 5 to 7 minutes until softened and lightly golden. Stir in the jalapeño if using, and cook 1 minute more.
Add the garlic and spices: Stir in the garlic, chili powder, cumin, smoked paprika, and oregano. Cook 30 to 60 seconds until fragrant, stirring constantly so the spices don’t burn.
Tomato paste time: Add tomato paste and cook for 1 to 2 minutes, letting it caramelize slightly to build flavor.
Deglaze and combine: Pour in the crushed tomatoes and broth.
Scrape the bottom of the pot to release any browned bits. Add the black beans.
Season and simmer: Add salt and pepper. Bring to a gentle boil, then reduce to a steady simmer.
Cook uncovered for 25 to 30 minutes, stirring occasionally, until thickened and flavorful.
Balance the flavors: Stir in apple cider vinegar or lime juice. Taste and adjust seasoning with more salt, pepper, or spices as needed.
Finish and serve: If using, fold in corn for sweetness or a minced chipotle for smokiness. Ladle into bowls and add your favorite toppings.